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Exchange of Gases During Respiration | CBSE Class 10 Science | Biology
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Exchange of Gases
Oxygen is required for catabolic processes and carbon dioxide is released in the process. So the body requires a continuous exchange of gases, oxygen from the atmosphere is taken inside and carbon dioxide produced is taken out. This process of gaseous exchange is called breathing or respiration.
Respiratory System Definition
“Human Respiratory System is the organ system that involves inhaling of oxygen and exhaling of carbon dioxide to meet the energy requirements.”
When we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. The so-called exchange of gases is necessary for metabolic activities and can be considered a chemical process.
What is the Respiratory System?
The human respiratory system consists of a group of organs and tissues that help us to breathe. Lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system which help in the exchange of gases.
The other main parts of this system include a series of airways for air passages, blood vessels, and the muscles that facilitate breathing.
Human Respiratory System
Conducting part of the respiratory system:
Nostrils → Pharynx (common passage for food and air) → Larynx (also called Soundbox, epiglottis prevents food from entering larynx) → Trachea (divides at 5th thoracic vertebra) → Primary Bronchi (Right and left) → Secondary and tertiary bronchi → Bronchioles (terminal)
Bronchioles form many bag-like structures terminally, which are known as alveoli. Alveoli and alveolar ducts together take part in the exchange of gases.
Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli together constitute a lung. Each lung is covered by the pleural membrane. It is a double-layered membrane, pleural fluid is present between the two layers, which reduces friction.
Lungs reside in the thoracic cavity, which is formed by the vertebral column (dorsal surface), sternum (ventral surface), ribs (present laterally), and diaphragm present at the lower side.
Process of respiration:
Pulmonary respiration (intake of atmospheric oxygen and release of CO2 rich alveolar air) → Diffusion of O2 and CO2 across the alveolar membrane → Transportation of gases by blood → Diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and tissues → Cellular respiration (catabolism of food using O2 to release energy and CO2)
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